Palm oil refining industries are most important manufacturing sectors in the world and Palm oil has become an increasingly important vegetable oil in the world market and today is the largest traded vegetable oil in the world. Indonesia & Malaysia are the largest producer and exporting company of Crude Palm oil.
Palm oil refining industries are one of the most important manufacturing sectors in the world. Palm oil has become an increasingly important vegetable oil in the world market and currently it is one of the largest traded vegetable oil in the world. Indonesia & Malaysia are the largest producer and exporting company of Crude Palm oil.
The Palm Oil is extracted from the fresh Palm fruit flesh by pressing & centrifugation. The Palm Oil extraction is to be done with the fresh Palm fruit to avoid the deterioration of Palm Oil. Hence, the countries cultivating Palm Oil are extracting themselves to avoid its deterioration. The crude Palm Oil comes out as yellow red or dark yellow in color and the taste of the crude Palm Oil is sweet.
Bleaching
The bleaching of edible oils and fats is an important part of the refining process of crude oils and fats. It does remove the several contaminations which impacts adversely the physical appearance and quality of the oil. Generally, the oil before taking to the bleaching section, the gums treatment is done by the phosphoric acid treatment so that these gum can be separated in the pressure leaf filter after bleaching.
During this stage, trace metal complexes such as iron and copper, coloring pigments, phosphatides and oxidative products are removed by adsorptive effect of bleaching earth.
This bleached oil is then filtered in industrial filters such as filter press or hermetically sealed vertical leaf pressure filter, plate and frame type filter.
Deodorization / De Acidification
As we know that refining of edible oil is basically divided in to two parts: – Physical refining and Chemical refining. In both process deodorization steps is require but the working principle of deodorizer for both the process is a little bit different. In the physical refining, the FFA are removed in the Deo Section. Since the palm oil is the hard oil, it requires the physical refining due to high FFA content in the crude palm oil.Deodorization / De-acidification is done to remove the volatile components, mainly aldehydes and ketones, which causes for smell in refined oil. In Deodorization process, free fatty acid removes in the form of Palm fatty acid distillate as a refining waste.
Apart from removal of free fatty acid, there are some impurities like Carotenoids pigments, primary and secondary oxidation products present in the palm oil are also removed from refined Palm oil in this step. Deodorization is essentially a steam distillation process carried out at low pressures and elevated temperatures (180-220°C).
In Physical refining the role of deodorizer is to strip free fatty acid, odor removal and heat bleaching to cut the remaining color in bleached oil.
In chemical refining the role of deodorizer is odor removal, heat bleaching to remove the remaining color and recovery of fatty acid distillate. The steam is injected in each compartment of our deodorizer so that intimate mixing of oil and steam takes place. This arrangement of steam pipes makes deodorization process more efficient.
Fractionation
After the Deodorization section the oil is first cooled by cold Fractionated oil for maximum regeneration of heat Palm Oil Fractionation machine. Then the same oil is cold by cooling tower water up to 40˚C to 45˚C. Then this oil is cooled by outgoing chilled fractionated oil from the filters. This oil is then chilled to fractionation temperature in the Crystallizers.
In the crystallizer proper residence time is given with maintaining the temperature of the oil, which results in formation of wax / stearin crystals and residence time, will give proper growth to the crystals. The step cooling is followed in the crystallizer for the complete maturation of the crystal which increases the efficiency of the Palm Oil Fractionation Plant. The oil is cooled with the tempered water and then it is further cooled to the final fractionation temperature by the Chiller water. The water in chilled in the chiller. There are mainly two kinds of chillers available in the market, one is the power chiller and another one is the vapor absorption machine. The VAM is widely used in order to avoid the use of the refrigerant gases.
After obtaining the desired temperature inside the crystallizer the mixture is then feed to the Filter Press for the separation of Stearin from Palm Olein. The recovery of the Palm Olein does also depend upon the kind of filters used.
The complete operation is controlled by Automatic Electronic Panel (PLC /SCADA).Airox Nigen is one of the leading Palm Oil Processing Plant manufacturers/Palm Oil Fractionation Machine suppliers in India and abroad.
